UPCET 2025 Syllabus

B. Tech/ B. Tech (Agricultural Engineering)

Section

Number of Questions

Total Marks

Physics

50

200

Chemistry

50

200

Mathematics

50

200

Total

150

600

B. Tech/ B. Tech (Biotechnology)

Section

Number of Questions

Total Marks

Physics

50

200

Chemistry

50

200

Biology

50

200

Total

150

600

B. Tech (Agricultural Engineering)

Section

Number of Questions

Total Marks

AG I

50

200

AG II

50

200

AG III

50

200

Total

150

600

B. Tech (2^nd Year Lateral Entry)

Total

100

400

Physics

Category

Subcategory

Measurement

Dimensional analysis and error estimation, dimensional compatibility and significant figures.

Motion in one dimension

Average velocity, instantaneous velocity, one-dimensional motion with constant accelerations, freely falling bodies.

Laws of Motion

Force and inertia, Newton's laws of motion, and their significance.

Motion in two dimensions

Projectile motion, uniform circular motion, tangential and radial acceleration in curve-linear motion, relative motion and relative acceleration

Work, Power and Energy

Work done by a constant and variable forces, kinetic and potential energy, power, Conservative and non-conservative forces, conservation of energy, gravitational energy, work energy theorem, potential energy stored in a spring.

Linear Momentum & collisions

Linear momentum & impulse, conservation of linear momentum for two particle system, collisions, collision in one dimension, collision in two-dimension, rocket propulsion

Rotation of a rigid body about a fixed axis

Angular velocity and angular acceleration, rotational kinematics, rotational motion with constant angular acceleration relationship between angular and linear quantities, rotational energy, moment of inertia for a ring, rod, spherical shell, sphere and plane lamina, torque and angular acceleration, work and energy in rotational motion, rolling motion of a solid sphere and cylinder

Gravitation

Gravitational field, Kepler's laws and motion of planets, planetary and satellite motion, geostationary satellite

Oscillatory motion

Harmonic motion, oscillatory motion of mass attached to a spring, kinetic & potential energy, Time Period of a simple pendulum, comparing simple and harmonic motion with uniform circular motion, forced oscillations, damped oscillations and resonance

Mechanics of solids and fluids

States of matter young's modulus, bulk modulus, shear modulus of rigidity, variations of pressure with depth, Buoyant forces and Archimedes principle, Pascal's law, Bernoulli's theorem and its application, surface energy, surface tension, angle of contact, capillary rise, coefficient of viscosity, viscous force, terminal velocity, Stoke's law, stream line motion, Reynold's numbers

Heat and thermodynamics

First law of thermodynamics, specific heat of an ideal gas at constant volume and constant pressure, relation between them, thermodynamics process (reversible, irreversible, isothermal, adiabatic), second law of thermodynamics, concept of entropy and concept of absolute scale, efficiency of a Carnot engine, thermal conductivity, Newton's law of cooling, black body radiation, Wien's displacement law, Stefan's law

Wave

Wave motion, phase, amplitude and velocity of wave, Newton's formula for longitudinal waves, propagation of sound waves in air, effect of temperature and pressure on velocity of sound, Laplace's correction, Principle of superposition, formation of standing waves, standing waves in strings and pipes, beats, Doppler's effect

Electrostatics

Coulomb's law, electric field and potential due to point charge, dipole and its field along the axis and perpendicular to axis, electric flux, Gauss's theorem and its applications to find the field due to infinite sheet of charge, and inside the hallow conducting sphere, capacitance, parallel plate capacitor 31 with air and dielectric medium between the Plates, series and parallel combination of capacitors, energy of a capacitor, displacement currents

Current Electricity

Concept of free and bound electrons, drift velocity and mobility, electric current, Ohm's law, resistivity, conductivity, temperature dependency of resistance, resistance in series and parallel combination, Kirchhoff's law and their application to network of resistances, principle of potentiometer, effect of temperature on resistance and its application

Magnetic Effect of Current

Magnetic field due to current, Biot-Savart's law, magnetic field due to solenoid, motion of charge in a magnetic field, force on a current carrying conductors and torque on current loop in a magnetic field, magnetic flux, forces between two parallel current carrying conductors, moving coil galvanometer and its conversion into ammeter and voltmeter

Magnetism in Matter

The magnetization of substance due to orbital and spin motions of electrons, magnetic moment of atoms, diamagnetism, paramagnetic, ferromagnetism, earth's magnetic field and its components and their measurement

Electromagnetic induction

Induced e.m.f., Faraday's laws, Lenz's law, electromagnetic induction, self and mutual induction, B-H curve, hysteresis loss and its importance, eddy currents

Ray Optics and optical instruments

Sources of light, luminous intensity, luminous flux, illuminance, photometry, wave nature of light, Huygens's theory for propagation of light and rectilinear propagation of light, reflection of light , total internal reflection, reflection and refraction at spherical surfaces, focal length of a combination of lenses, spherical and chromatic aberration and their removal, refraction and dispersion of light due to a prism, simple and compound microscope, reflecting and refracting telescope, magnifying power and resolving power

Wave Optics

Coherent and incoherent sources of light, interference, young's double slit experiment diffraction due to a single slit, linearly polarized light, Polaroid

Modern Physics

Photo-electric equation, matter waves, quantization, Planck's hypothesis, Bohr's model of hydrogen atom and its spectra, ionization potential, Rydberg constant, solar spectrum and Fraunhofer lines, fluorescence and phosphorescence, X-Rays and their productions, characteristic and continuous spectra. Nuclear Instability, radioactive decay laws, Emission of a, b, g rays, Mass - defect, Mass Energy equivalence, Nuclear Fission Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Fusion. Classification of conductors, Insulators and semiconductors based on energy bands in solids, PN junction, PN Diode, junction Transistors, Transistor as an amplifier and Oscillator. Principles of Logic Gates (AND, OR and NOT) Analog Vs Digital communication, Difference between Radio and television, Signal propagation, Principle of LASER and MASER, Population Inversion, Spontaneous and stimulated Emission.

Chemistry

Category

Subcategory

Atomic Structure

Bohr's concept. Quantum numbers, Electronic configuration, molecular orbital theory for homonuclear molecules, Pauli's exclusion principle

Chemical Bonding

Electrovalence, co-valency, hybridization involving s, p and d orbitals hydrogen bonding

Redox Reactions

Oxidation number, oxidizing and reducing agents, balancing of equations

Chemical Equilibrium and Kinetics

Equilibrium constant (for gaseous system only) Le Chatelier's principle, ionic equilibrium, Ostwald's dilution law, hydrolysis, pH and buffer solution, solubility product, common-ion effect, rate constant and first order reaction

Acid-Base Concepts

Bronsted Lowry & Lewis. Electrochemistry: Electrode potential and electrochemical series. Catalysis: Types and applications

Colloids

Types and preparation, Brownian movement, Tyndall effect, coagulation and peptization

Colligative Properties of Solution

Lowering of vapor pressure, Osmotic pressure, depression of freezing point, elevation of boiling point, determination of molecular weight

Periodic Table

Classification of elements on the basis of electronic configuration, properties of s, p and d block elements, ionization potential, electronegativity & electron affinity

Preparation and Properties of the following

Hydrogen peroxide. copper sulfate, silver nitrate, plaster of Paris, borax, Mohr's salt, alums, white and red lead, microcosmic salt and bleaching powder, sodium thiosulfate.

Thermochemistry

Exothermic & endothermic reactions Heat of reaction, Heat of combustion & formation, neutralization, Hess's law

General Organic Chemistry

Shape of organic compounds, Inductive effect, mesomeric effect, electrophiles & nucleophiles, Reaction intermediates: carbonium ion, carbanions & free radical, Types of organic reactions, Cannizzaro Friedel Craft, Perkin, Aldol condensation

Isomerism

Structural, Geometrical & Optical

IUPAC

Nomenclature of simple organic compounds

Polymers

Addition & condensation polymers

Carbohydrates

Monosaccharides

Preparation and Properties

Hydrocarbons, monohydric alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, monocarboxylic acids, primary amines, benzene, nitrobenzene, aniline, phenol, benzaldehyde, benzoic acid, Grignard Reagent.

Solid State

Structure of simple ionic compounds, Crystal imperfections (point defects only), Born-Haber cycle

Petroleum

Important industrial fractions, cracking, octane number, anti-knocking compounds

Mathematics

Category

Subcategory

Algebra

Sets relations & functions, De-Morgan's Law, Mapping Inverse relations, Equivalence relations, Peano's axioms, Definition of rational and integers through equivalence relation, Indices and surds, Solutions of simultaneous and quadratic equations, A.P., G.P. and H.P., Special sums i.e. ?n2 and ?n3 (n?N ), Partial fraction, Binomial theorem for any index, exponential series, Logarithm and Logarithmic series. Determinants and their use in solving simultaneous linear equations, Matrices, Algebra of matrices, Inverse of a matrix, use of matrix for solving equations

Probability

Definition, Dependent and independent events, Numerical problem on addition and multiplication, theorem of probability.

Trigonometry

Identities, Trigonometric equations, properties of triangles, solution of triangles, heights and distances, Inverse function, Complex numbers and their properties, Cube roots of unity, De-Moivre's theorem.

Co-ordinate Geometry

Pair of straight lines, Circles, General equation of second degree, parabola, ellipse and hyperbola, tracing of conics

Calculus

Limits & continuity of functions, Differentiation of function of function, tangents & normal, Simple examples of Maxima & Minima, Indeterminate forms, Integration of function by parts, by substitution and by partial fraction, definite integral, application to volumes and surfaces of frustums of sphere, cone and cylinder. Differential equations of first order and of first degree

Vectors

Algebra of vectors, scalar and vector products of two and three vectors and their applications

Dynamics

Velocity, composition of velocity, relative velocity, acceleration, composition of accelerations, Motion under gravity, Projectiles, Laws of motion, Principles of conservation of momentum and energy, direct impact of smooth bodies

Statics

Composition of coplanar, concurrent and parallel forces moments and couple's resultant of set of coplanar forces and condition of equilibrium, determination of centroid in simple cases, Problems involving friction

Zoology

Category

Subcategory

Origin of Life

Oparin's theory, Miller's Experiment, Viruses - structure, properties, distribution, classification and pathogenesis (E.g. AIDS, CANCER), Viroid's & Prions, Biotic balance

Organic Evolution

Relationship among organisms and Evidences of organic Evolution - Principles of Evolution - Lamarckism, Darwinism and Speciation

Mechanism of Organic Evolution

Variations - Definition, causes and types, Mutations (Principles of Hugo DeVries), Role of mutations in speciation. Evolution through ages and human evolution

Human Genetics and Eugenics

Human hereditary traits, study of Twins, A.B.O. blood groups and their inheritance, Rh-factor, Sex determination. Chromosomal aberrations, Important human syndromes, Sex linked characters and their inheritance, Applied Genetics - eugenics, euthenics, euphonic & I.Q. Test

Applied Biology

Wildlife of India - Endangered species: Biosphere Reserves, National Parks and sanctuaries, Project Tiger, Conservation of wildlife, Bio-energy, Poultry, Fisheries (edible fishes), Human 36 Population, Population explosion, problems & control. Test - Tube babies, & Amniocentesis, Application of Biotechnology in human welfare. Human Aging

Mammalian Anatomy (E.g. Rabbit)

Reproductive system (excluding embryonic development) Osteology, structure and organization of different systems.

Animal Physiology

Animal Nutrition: Food, Balanced diet, Nutritional imbalances and deficiency diseases, Digestion, Absorption, Assimilation of food, (comparison between human and Rabbit).

(B) Animal Excretion and Osmoregulation: Chemical nature of excretory products in various animals, Physiology of excretion, Function of liver and kidney (Homeostatic regulatory functions of kidneys), Formation of urine, Osmoregulation by kidneys.

(C) Respiratory system: Exchange and transport of gases (O2 and Co2) factors affecting O2 and Co2 transport, Cellular respiration, different lung volumes, breathing and sound production.

(D) Nervous systems: Central, autonomic and peripheral nervous system, Receptors, Effectors, Reflex action. Nature and conduction of Nerve- impulses, Synapse, Sense organs - Structure & working of Eye & Ear, Biochemistry of vision and taste buds.

(E) Endocrine System: Different endocrine glands and Hormones - definition, types, characteristics and their functions, (in relation to human beings), Hormonal disorders and pheromones.

(F) Circulatory System: Circulation of body fluids- Blood and lymph, Open and closed vascular systems, Structure and working physiology of Heart, Comparison between arteries and veins, Lymphatic system.

(G) Animal Diversity: Classification of Animal kingdom (Based on Storar & Eusinger), Characteristic feature of different phyla and classes with examples.

Detailed studies of followings:

(a) Protozoa
(i) Amoeba- Habit & Habitat, structure, locomotion, reproduction, Osmoregulation, Parasitic amoeba - Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba gingivitis, structure, diseases caused by them and their control measures. (ii) Plasmodium vivax-life cycle, malaria therapy and control. (iii) Protozoan and diseases

(b) Porifera: A simple sponge (Leucopoenia); Detailed study of structure & physiology, Sponge industry.

(c) Coelenterate: Hydra - Habit and Habitat, morphology, tissue differentiation in relation to physiological division of labor and regeneration.

(d) Aschelminthes: Ascaris- morphology, life cycle, therapy and control.

(e) Annelida: Preretinal posthuman - Bionomics and economic importance.

(f) Arthropoda: (Periplanar): Structure- external and internal.

Comparison between Periplanar and Blatter.

(i) Housefly & Mosquito: structure and life – cycle

(ii) Economic importance of insets & their control.

Botany

Category

Subcategory

Plant Cell

Structure & functions electron microscopic structured mitochondria, Plastids centrosomes. Lysosomes, microsomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Nucleus, Golgi bodies, D.N.A & R.N.A. Cytoplasm, membranes and cell wall

Protoplasm

Structure, components physical and chemical properties. Cell division (formation) - free cell formation, Amitosis & Meiosis, Duplication of D. D. N. A

Ecology

Ecological factors (atmospheric, edaphic, climatic, geological & biotic factors)

Ecosystem

Structure, components of ecosystem e.g. Water soluble minerals and gases, producers' consumers, decomposers, Pond and forest ecosystem.

Atmospheric pollution-causes and control, Types of pollution - Detergents, chemicals automobile exhaust, Radioactive matter, Smog, sound, Pesticides

Genetics

Mendalism, Medals experiment and law of inheritance. Modern Classification of plant kingdom- (according to Ostwald & Tippo) (outline).

Seeds in angiosperm plants

Description of development of angiosperm plants (life history of angiosperm plants).

Fruits

Dispersal of fruits and seeds

Cell differentiation Plant Tissue

Meristematic classification of meristematic & permanent tissue and functions and classification of tissue system

Anatomy of Root, stem and leaf

Difference between dicot and Monocot stem. Secondary growth of stem and root. Anatomy of hydrophytes, Exophytes & Emophytes

Important phylum's

Algae: Habitat, general characters & uses, description of ulothrix & spirogyra.

Bacteria: structure - types of nutrition, reproduction and economic importance.

Fungi: structure description of Rhizopus and yeast and their economic importance, Fermentation.

Bryophyta: structure and economic importance, description of Funaria (Moss)

Pteridophyte: general structures of pteridophytes description of fern (Dryopteris)

General study of gymnosperms and life history of Cycas.

Classification of angiosperm

Description of families - identification and economic importance

Cruciferae, Maldacena, Leguminosae, composite, Cucurbitaceae

Soil

Absorption of water through root hairs osmosis, Translocation and Root pressure

Nitrogen cycle.

Special modes of nutrition in plants (Autotrophic, heterotrophic, Parasites, saprophytes, Symbionts insectivorous and their ecological relation

Photosynthesis

Chloroplast, light, chlorophyll and Carbon dioxide, Mechanism of photosynthesis formation of A.T.P. and their functions and importance of photosynthesis.

Transpiration: factors and importance, Mechanism of opening and closing of stomata.

Respiration: aerobic, anaerobic respiration, mechanism of respiration (Glycolysis, Krebs' cycle, E.T.S.)

Growth & movement: definition of growth, Region of growth & their measurements, types of movements in plants, Growth hormone