HBSE 12th Syllabus 2025 (Out): Download HBSE 12th Board Subject-wise Syllabus PDF

Chapter 1: Electric Charges and Fields 
Introduction, Electric Charge, Conductors and Insulators, Basic Properties of Electric Charge: Additivity of Charges, Charge is Conserved, Quantization of Charge, Coulomb’s Law, Forces Between Multiple Charges, Electric Field: Electric Field Due to a System of Charges, Physical Significance of Electric Field, Electric Field Lines, Electric Flux, Electric Dipole: The Field of an Electric Dipole, Physical Significance of Dipoles, Dipole in a Uniform External Field, Continuous Charge Distribution, Gauss’s Law, Application of Gauss’s Law: Field Due to an Infinitely Long Straight Uniformly Charged Wire, Field Due to a Uniformly Charged Infinite Plane Sheet, Field Due to a Uniformly Charged Thin Spherical Shell.

Chapter 2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance 
 Introduction, Electrostatic Potential, Potential Due to a Point Charge, Potential Due to an Electric Dipole, Potential Due to a System of 
Charges, Equipotential Surfaces: Relation Between Field and Potential, Potential Energy of a System of Charges, Potential Energy in an 
External Field: Potential Energy of a Single Charge, Potential Energy of a System of Two Charges in an External Field, Potential Energy of a Dipole in an External Field, Electrostatics of Conductors, Dielectric and Polarization, Capacitors and Capacitance, The Parallel Plate Capacitor, Effect of Dielectric on Capacitance, Combination of Capacitors: Capacitors in Series, Capacitors in Parallel, Energy Stored in a Capacitor. 

Chapter 4: Moving Charges and Magnetism 
 Introduction, Magnetic Force: Sources and Fields, Magnetic Field, Lorentz Force, Magnetic Force on a Current Carrying Conductor, Motion 
in a Magnetic Field Due to a Current Element, Biot Savart Law, Magnetic Field on The Axis of a Circular Current Loop, Ampere's Circuital Law, Das Solenoid, Force Between Two Parallel Currents, The Ampere, Torque on Current Loop, Magnetic Dipole: Torque on a Rectangular Current Loop in a Uniform Magnetic Field, Circular Current Loop as a Magnetic Dipole, The Moving Coil Galvanometer.

Chapter 5: Magnetism and Matter 
 Introduction, The Bar Magnet: The Magnetic Field Lines, Bar Magnet as an Equivalent Solenoid, The Dipole in a Uniform Magnetic Field, The Electrostatic Analog, Magnetism and Gauss's Law, Magnetization and Magnetic Intensity, Magnetic Properties of Materials: Diamagnetism, Paramagnetism, Ferromagnetism.

Chapter 6: Electromagnetic Induction 
 Introduction, The Experiments of Faraday and Henry, Magnetic Flux, Faraday's Law of Induction, Lenz's Law and Conservation of Energy 
Motional Electromotive Force, Inductance: Mutual Inductance, SelfInductance, AC Generator.

Chapter 7: Alternating Current 
 Introduction, AC Voltage Applied to a Resistor, Representation of AC Current and Voltage By Rotating Vectors-Phasors, AC Voltage Applied 
to an Inductor, AC Voltage Applied to a Capacitor AC Voltage Applied to a Series LCR Circuit: Phasor-Diagram Solution, Resonance, Power in AC Circuit: The Power Factor, Transformers. 

Chapter 9: ray optics and optical instruments 
 Introduction, Reflection of Light By Spherical Mirrors: Sign Convention, Focal Length of Spherical Mirrors, Mirror Equation, Refraction, Total Internal Reflection: Total internal reflection in nature and its technological applications, Refraction At Spherical Surfaces and By Lenses: Refraction At a Spherical Surface, Refraction By a Lens, Power of a Lens, Combination of Thin Lenses in Contact, Refraction Through a 
Prism, Optical Instruments: The Microscope, Telescope.

Chapter 10: Wave Optics 
 Introduction, Huygens Principle, Refraction and Reflection of Plane Waves Using Huygens Principle: Refraction of a Plane Wave, Refraction 
At a Rarer Medium, Reflection of a Plane Wave By a Plane Surface, Coherent and Incoherent Edition of Waves, Interference of Light 
Waves and Young's Experiment, Diffraction: The Single Slit, Seeing The Single Slit Diffraction Pattern, Polarization.

Chapter 12: Atoms 
 Introduction, Alpha-Particle Scattering and Rutherford’s Nuclear Model of Atom: Alpha-Particle Trajectory, Electron Orbits, Atomic Spectra, Bohr Model of the Hydrogen Atom: Energy Levels, The Line Spectra of the Hydrogen Atom, De Broglie’s Explanation of Bohr’s Second Postulate of Quantisation.

Chapter 13: Nuclei 
 Introduction, Atomic Masses and Composition of Nucleus, Size of the Nucleus, Mass-Energy and Nuclear Binding Energy: Mass-Energy, 
Nuclear Binding Energy, Nuclear Force, Radioactivity, Nuclear Energy: Fission, Nuclear Fusion - Energy Generation in Stars, Controlled 
Thermonuclear Fusion. 

Chapter 14: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits

Introduction, Classification of Metals, Conductors and Semiconductors, Intrinsic Semiconductor, Extrinsic Semiconductor, p-n Junction: p-n 
Junction Formation, Semiconductor Diode: p-n Junction Diode under Forward Bias, p-n Junction Diode under Reverse Bias, Application of 
Junction Diode as Rectifier. 

5.1 Werner's Theory of Coordination Compounds 
5.2 Definitions of Some Important Terms Pertaining to Coordination Compounds 
5.3 Nomenclature of Coordination Compounds: Formulas of Mononuclear Coordination Entities, Naming of Mononuclear Coordination Compounds, 
5.4 Isomerism in Coordination Compounds: Geometric Isomerism, Optical Isomerism, Linkage Isomerism, Coordination Isomerism, Ionisation Isomerism, Solvate Isomerism, 
5.5 Bonding in Coordination Compounds: Valence Bond Theory, Magnetic Properties of Coordination Compounds, Limitations of Valence Bond Theory, Crystal Field 
Theory, Colour in Coordination Compounds, Limitations of Crystal Field Theory, 
5.6 Bonding in Metal Carbonyls

5.7 Importance and Applications of Coordination Compounds

7.1 Classification: Alcohols— Mono, Di, Tri or Polyhydric alcohols, 
7.2 Nomenclature 
7.3 Structures of Functional Groups 
7.4 Alcohols and Phenols: Preparation of Alcohols, Preparation of Phenols, Physical Properties, Chemical Reactions, 

7.5 Some Commercially Important Alcohols 
7.6 Ethers: Preparation of Ethers , Physical Properties, Chemical Reactions

9.1 Structure of Amines 
9.2 Classification 
9.3 Nomenclature 
9.4 Preparation of Amines 
9.5 Physical Properties 
9.6 Chemical Reactions

9.7 Method of Preparation of Diazonium Salts

9.8 Physical Properties 
9.9 Chemical Reactions 
9.10 Importance of Diazonium Salts in Synthesis of Aromatic Compounds

10.1 Carbohydrates: Classification of Carbohydrates, Monosaccharides, Glucose, Fructose, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides, Importance of Carbohydrates. 
10.2 Proteins: Amino Acids, Classification of Amino Acid, Structure of Proteins, 
10.3 Enzymes: Mechanism of Enzyme Action. 
10.4 Vitamins: Classification of Vitamins

10.5 Nucleic Acids: Chemical Composition of Nucleic Acid, Structure of Nucleic Acid, Biological Functions of Nucleic Acids, 
10.6 Hormone Elementary idea (excluding structure)