Types of Doctors & Specialists: List of the Top 15 Doctors, What they do, & What they Earn

Types of Doctor: An Overview

When it comes to healthcare, there are various types of doctors and specialists like general practitioners (GPs), pediatricians, and specialists like cardiologists, dermatologists, and neurologists. Numerous medical specializations are in the world that specifies to every health issue, and one has to choose medical specialists accordingly. In this article, we will dive deep into the different kinds of doctors, their functions, and how to pick the best one for yourself.

After passing their 10+2, prospective individuals must attend Undergraduate or Postgraduate Medical Courses in order to become doctors. They must be from the Science stream and have physics, chemistry, and biology as mandatory studies. MBBS is regarded as one of the most significant degrees that students wishing to become doctors must pursue. AIIMS is one of the top medical schools in India. Students who want to become doctors but do not want to take the NEET can enroll in Medical Courses without taking the NEET. The yearly pay of a doctor is between INR 7 - 20 LPA. Candidates can train to be a dentist, cardiologist, physician, gynecologist, or any other specialty of their choice.

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The function of a doctor is to diagnose and treat sickness and injuries. Doctors assess and diagnose patients, conduct treatments, issue prescriptions, educate patients and their families, check patient records, and monitor their recovery. Candidates must be 17 years old but no older than 25 years old while applying for the MBBS program under the general category. The first step in becoming a doctor is to earn a bachelor's degree in medicine (MBBS). Some of the different careers for doctors in medicine are Orthopedics, Internal Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dermatology, Pediatrics, Radiology, General Surgery, and Ophthalmology are all in high demand.

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Eligibility for Medical School

To become a doctor, the individual must satisfy numerous eligibility criteria-

• A student must have finished 10+2 Science in order to be considered for the MBBS program (with Physics, Chemistry, and Biology as courses). 
• Before applying for college admission, be sure one has the necessary educational qualifications to pursue this degree.
• If a student wants to attend a prestigious medical school, they must first take and pass the necessary entry examinations. 
• Some of the most well-known medical admission examinations in India include NEET, AIIMS, AFMC, state-level entrance exams, and institute-level entrance exams.
• If you match the qualifying conditions and have earned satisfactory scores on a relevant entrance test, the next step is to apply for admission. 
• The admissions procedure differs per state.
• After being admitted into a reputable college, successfully complete the academic program. 
• After 4.5 years of classroom instruction and a one-year rotating internship, you will be conferred the title "Doctor."

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Different Types of Doctors in India

There are several sorts of doctors, each specializing in a certain disease or part of the body. Each one requires a distinct set of abilities, and the scope ranges from one specialty to the next. Cardiologists, audiologists, dentists, ENT specialists, gynecologists, orthopedic surgeons, pediatricians, psychiatrists, veterinarians, radiologists, pulmonologists, endocrinologists, oncologists, neurologists, cardiothoracic surgeons, and many others are among the various sorts of doctors.

The following are the top 15 types of doctors-

1. Audiologists: 

An audiologist is a doctor who evaluates people who have hearing loss or other ear problems, reviews the findings of the examination, and provides a diagnosis. He or she assists those who suffer from tinnitus and other hearing problems. They also regularly educate patients on how to listen and converse more effectively with hearing aids, such as through lip-reading or other technologies. An audiologist evaluates the reasons for hearing loss, determines the best course of action, and competently cleans the external ear canal. He or she can also assist in obtaining a hearing aid or a hearing aid.

2. Cardiologists: 

Cardiologists are doctors who specialize in the treatment of heart disease. Cardiologists can diagnose and treat coronary heart disease, heart failure, and other cardiovascular illnesses.

• Cardiothoracic Surgeon: A cardiothoracic surgeon operates on the human body's chest-related organs once a cardiologist has diagnosed them. Cardiothoracic surgeons treat heart valve(s) blockages, atrial fibrillation, aneurysms of the major arteries in the chest, coronary artery disease, leaky heart valve(s), heart artery blockages, abnormal hypertrophy, and heart failure.

3. Dentist: 

Dental courses prepare students for a career that focuses on the health of the teeth, gums, and other tissues in and around the mouth. Dentistry refers to dental operations that are undertaken to prevent oral diseases. Candidates who complete a dental program might work in research or for the Indian Army, Navy, or Air Force. MDS graduates have the opportunity to open their own specialized clinics.

4. Endocrinologist: 

Endocrinologists treat patients with diabetes and thyroid problems. As people grow older, he or she sees more osteoporosis patients. An endocrinologist is a doctor who specializes in treating people with endocrine system diseases. The human endocrine system is comprised of the pancreas and thyroid glands, which regulate hormones and govern a variety of vital activities.

5. ENT Specialists: 

ENT specialists handle disorders and other concerns relating to the ear, nose, throat, and related head and neck areas. They have been trained to address issues with the upper pharynx and oral cavity, the voice box (larynx), the ears, nose, nasal tube, and neck. They are in charge of treating nosebleeds, adenoidectomies, infected mastoids, tonsillectomies, and chronic sinusitis. Aspirants can also join an ENT research program after earning their MD.

6. Gynecologists: 

Gynecologist services include infertility treatment, gynecological diseases, vaginal infections (vaginalitis), dysmenorrhoea, hysterectomy, pregnancy-related issues, cervix and uterus infections (including fungal, bacterial, viral, and protozoal), amenorrhoea (absent menstrual periods), and urinary incontinence. 

7. Neurologists: 

A neurologist's clinical responsibilities include providing clinical assistance to patients suffering from seizure disorders, epilepsy, stroke, multiple sclerosis, neuromuscular diseases, myasthenia gravis, or other nervous system illnesses. Examples include encephalitis, meningitis, and brain abscesses.

8. Oncologists: 

Oncologists are physicians that evaluate, diagnose, and treat cancer patients using a range of treatments as well as medical and surgical care. Oncology subspecialties include medical oncology, gynecological oncology, pediatric oncology, radiation, surgical oncology, and hematology. Medicinal oncologists use immunotherapeutic, chemotherapeutic, and medicinal therapy to treat cancer.

9. Orthopedic Surgeon: 

Orthopedic surgeons are experts in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disorders that affect the bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, and muscles. Some orthopaedics are generalists, while others focus on specific body areas such as the hip and knee, foot and ankle, shoulder and elbow, hand, and spine.

10. Pediatrician: 

Pediatrics is a branch of medicine that deals with the medical treatment of newborns, children, and adolescents. A pediatrician is a medical practitioner who is in charge of children's physical, behavioral, and mental health from birth to the age of eighteen. A pediatrician is trained to recognize and treat a wide range of pediatric problems, from minor symptoms to life-threatening diseases.

11. Psychiatrists: 

Psychiatrists are doctors who specialize in mental health, which includes substance abuse disorders. Psychiatrists are educated to assess both the mental and physical aspects of psychiatric issues. They examine patients to see if their symptoms are the result of physical sickness, a mix of physical and mental illness, or exclusively mental illness.

12. Pulmonologists: 

Pulmonologists are doctors who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory illnesses in both men and women. A pulmonologist is a doctor that specializes in internal medicine, lungs, and the cardio-pulmonary system, which encompasses the lungs, heart, blood vessels, and other organs that aid in breathing.

13. Radiologist: 

Radiology is a branch of medicine that uses medical imaging to identify and treat illnesses in both animals and humans. A variety of imaging methods, including X-ray radiography, ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), nuclear medicine, positron emission tomography (PET), fluoroscopy, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are used to diagnose or treat disorders (MRI).

14. Veterinarian: 

A veterinarian, sometimes known as a veterinary surgeon or veterinary physician, is a medical practitioner who treats illnesses, disorders, and injuries in animals that are not humans.

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Different Types of Doctors' Salaries

The following table gives details about the job profiles and the salaries of different types of Doctors-

Read More: BDS Salary in India

Conclusion -

Each type of doctor receives specialized training and education to diagnose and treat various illnesses and disorders. Because there are so many different types of doctors, most patients seek treatment from a primary care physician first. When necessary, this doctor may refer or recommend that the patient consult a specialist.

Also Read: BAMS Doctor Salary in India.