What is Convex Lens?
The convex lens is a lens that converges light rays that are parallel to its principal axis (i.e. converges incident rays towards the principal axis) and is relatively thick in the center and thin at the lower and upper edges. The edges are curved outward, not inward. It is used in front of the eye to sharply bend incoming light, causing the focal point to shorten and the light to focus properly on the retina.
What is Convex Lens: Principle
When light passes through a convex lens, it is bent or refracted towards the center of the lens. The amount of bending depends on the curvature of the lens and the angle of incidence of the light. The angle of incidence is the angle between the incoming light ray and the normal, which is an imaginary line perpendicular to the surface of the lens.
The bending of light causes the light rays to converge towards a focal point on the opposite side of the lens. The distance between the center of the lens and the focal point is called the focal length. The focal length of a convex lens depends on the curvature of the lens and the refractive index of the material it is made of.
Why is Convex Lens Called a Converging Lens?
- A converging lens is one that converges a parallel beam of light on a point known as the principal focus.
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Lenses are spherical materials with one or more spherical surfaces. The two types of lenses bounded by two spherical surfaces are convex lenses (or converging lenses) and concave lenses (or diverging lenses).
- Images Formed by Lenses
- A lens is a piece of transparent thick glass with two spherical surfaces. It is an optical device that allows light rays to converge or diverge before transmitting.
Image Formation by Convex Lens: Possibilities
In the case of a convex lens, there are six possible object positions:
- Object at Infinity
- Beyond C
- Between C and F
- Object at C
- Object at F
- Between F and O
Image Formation by Convex Lens
The image formation by convex lenses can be demonstrated by:
The position of the object | The position of the image formed | The nature of the image formed | The relative size of the image formed |
At infinity | F2 is the second focus. | Real and inverted image | Highly diminished, point-sized image |
Beyond 2F1 | Between the second focus, F2, and 2F2 | Real and inverted image | Diminished image |
At 2F1 | At 2F2 | Real and inverted image | Same size as the object |
Between the first focus, F1, and 2F1 | Beyond 2F2 | Real and inverted image | Enlarged image |
At the first focus, F1 | At infinity | Real and inverted image | Infinitely larger than the size of the object, or a greatly enlarged image |
Between the first focus, F1, and optical center O | The resulting image will be on the same side as the object. | Virtual and erect image | Enlarged image |
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Image Formation by Convex Lens: When the object is placed at Infinity
- The image formed by the convex lens will be at the second focus, F2, when the object is placed at infinity.
- The nature of the image obtained will be a real image inverted.
- In addition, the size of the formed image will be greatly reduced, similar to the size of a point.
Image Formation by Convex Lens: When the object is placed beyond 2F
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- When the object is placed beyond 2F1, the image formed by the convex lens is between F2 and 2F2.
- The nature of the image obtained will be a real image inverted.
- In addition, the size of the image formed will be reduced.
Image Formation by Convex Lens: When the Object is placed at 2F1
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- When the object is positioned at 2F1, the image formed by the convex lens is positioned at 2F2.
- The nature of the image obtained will be a real image inverted.
- Furthermore, the image formed will be the same size as the object.
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Image Formation by Convex Lens: When the object placed is in between F1 and 2F1
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- When the object is positioned between F1 and 2F1, the image formed by the convex lens extends beyond the point, 2F2.
- The nature of the image obtained will be a real image inverted.
- In addition, the size of the image formed will be enlarged12.
Image Formation by Convex Lens: When the object is placed at the first focus, F1
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- The image formed by the convex lens will be at infinity when the object is placed at the first focus, F1.
- The nature of the image obtained will be a real image inverted.
- Furthermore, the image formed will be infinitely larger than the size of the object or will be greatly enlarged.
Image Formation by Convex Lens: When the object is placed between the first focus, F1, and the optical center O of the lens
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- When an object is placed between the convex lens's first focus, F1, and the optical center O, the image formed by the convex lens will be on the same side as the object.
- The image obtained will be virtual in nature and will be in erect form.
- In addition, the size of the image formed will be enlarged.
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Image Formation by Convex Lens: Uses
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These are used for a variety of purposes in our day-to-day lives. For example,
- The lens in human eyes.
- A magnifying glass.
- It is used to correct Hypermetropia or long-sightedness.
- It is used in cameras to focus light and create a clear and crisp image.
- More broadly, these are frequently used in compound lenses, which are found in a variety of instruments such as magnifying devices such as microscopes, telescopes, and camera lenses.
- A simple version of one of these lenses can focus light into an image, but the image will be of poor quality. It is preferable to use both types of lenses to correct distortions and aberrations.
Image Formation by Convex Lens: Things to Remember
- Convex lenses are lenses formed by joining two spherical surfaces that bulge outward.
- Concave lenses are formed by joining two spherical surfaces in such a way that they curve inward.
- Lenses are spherical materials with one or more spherical surfaces.
- The lenses create images based on the principle of light refraction.