The CBSE 12th Economics Syllabus 2024-25 is available on the board's official academic website. This article provides students with the CBSE Class 12 Economics Syllabus 2024-25 PDF download link. Students appearing for the CBSE 12th Economics paper 2025 should make sure to download and go through the syllabus attached in this article. CBSE has set the Economics curriculum for the senior secondary level in a way that it first introduces the national economic realities and the basic statistical tools to understand it. Later it introduces economics as a theory of abstraction. To review the detailed CBSE Class 12 Economics syllabus 2024-25, read the entire article and download the syllabus pdf.
Students can totally trust this syllabus pdf and create their preparation strategy accordingly as it is taken from official CBSE website. In order to save you time and trouble, we have brought the CBSE class 12 Economics syllabus PDF in this article.
CBSE 12th Economics Syllabus 2025 in Detail
The CBSE Economics Class 12 Syllabus 2025 has two parts: Indian Economic Development and Introductory Macroeconomics. The table below provides all the units, topics, and chapters which appearing students need to study thoroughly for the CBSE Class 12 Economics Board Exam 2025.
CBSE 12th Economics Syllabus 2024-25 | |
| Part A: Introductory Macroeconomics | |
| Unit 1: National Income and Related Aggregates | What is Macroeconomics? Basic concepts in macroeconomics: consumption goods, capital goods, final goods, intermediate goods; stocks and flows; gross investment and depreciation. Circular flow of income (two sector model); Methods of calculating National Income - Value Added or Product method, Expenditure method, Income method. Aggregates related to National Income: Gross National Product (GNP), Net National Product (NNP), Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Net Domestic Product (NDP) - at market price, at factor cost; Real and Nominal GDP GDP Deflator, GDP and Welfare |
| Unit 2: Money and Banking | Money – meaning and functions, supply of money - Currency held by the public and net demand deposits held by commercial banks. Money creation by the commercial banking system. Central bank and its functions (example of the Reserve Bank of India): Bank of issue, Govt. Bank, Banker's Bank, Control of Credit through Bank Rate, Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR), Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR), Repo Rate and Reverse Repo Rate, Open Market Operations, Margin requirement. |
| Unit 3: Determination of Income and Employment | Aggregate demand and its components. Propensity to consume and propensity to save (average and marginal). Short-run equilibrium output; investment multiplier and its mechanism. Meaning of full employment and involuntary unemployment. Problems of excess demand and deficient demand; measures to correct them - changes in government spending, taxes and money supply. |
| Unit 4: Government Budget and the Economy | Government budget - meaning, objectives and components. Classification of receipts - revenue receipts and capital receipts; Classification of expenditure – revenue expenditure and capital expenditure. Balanced, Surplus and Deficit Budget – measures of government deficit. |
| Unit 5: Balance of Payments | Balance of payments account - meaning and components; Balance of payments – Surplus and Deficit Foreign exchange rate - meaning of fixed and flexible rates and managed floating. Determination of exchange rate in a free market, Merits and demerits of flexible and fixed exchange rate. Managed Floating exchange rate system |
| Part B: Indian Economic Development | |
| Unit 6: Development Experience (1947-90) and Economic Reforms since 1991: | A brief introduction of the state of Indian economy on the eve of independence. Indian economic system and common goals of Five Year Plans. Main features, problems and policies of agriculture (institutional aspects and new agricultural strategy), industry (IPR 1956; SSI – role & importance) and foreign trade. Economic Reforms since 1991: Features and appraisals of liberalisation, globalisation and privatisation (LPG policy); Concepts of demonetization and GST |
| Unit 7: Current challenges facing Indian Economy | Human Capital Formation: How people become resource; Role of human capital in economic development; Growth of Education Sector in India Rural development: Key issues - credit and marketing - role of cooperatives; agricultural diversification; alternative farming - organic farming Employment: Growth and changes in work force participation rate in formal and informal sectors; problems and policies Sustainable Economic Development: Meaning, Effects of Economic Development on Resources and Environment, including global warming |
| Unit 8: Development Experience of India - A comparison with neighbours | India and Pakistan, India and China Issues: economic growth, population, sectoral development and other Human Development Indicators |
| Part C: Project in Economics | |
Click here to download CBSE 12th Economics Syllabus PDF 2025
CBSE Class 12 Economics 2024-25 Course Structure
| Parts | Marks | Periods | |
| Part A | Introductory Macroeconomics | ||
| Unit 1: National Income and Related Aggregates | 10 | 30 | |
| Unit 2: Money and Banking | 06 | 15 | |
| Unit 3: Determination of Income and Employment | 12 | 30 | |
| Unit 4: Government Budget and the Economy | 06 | 17 | |
| Unit 5: Balance of Payments | 06 | 18 | |
| 40 | |||
| Part B | Indian Economic Development | ||
| Unit 6: Development Experience (1947-90) and Economic Reforms since 1991: | 12 | 28 | |
| Unit 7: Current challenges facing Indian Economy | 20 | 50 | |
| Unit 8: Development Experience of India | 08 | 12 | |
| Theory Paper (40+40 = 80 Marks) | 40 | ||
| 200 | |||
| Part C | Project in Economics | 20 | 20 |
Click here to download CBSE Class 12 Economics Additional Practice Paper 2024 PDF
CBSE 12th Economics Question Paper Design 2024-25
The CBSE Economics 12th Theory Paper is to be answered by students for a total of 30 marks in 3 hours exam duration. The table below presents the question types, marks, percentage of questions asked in the CBSE 12th Board Economics Paper 2025:
| Typology of Questions | Marks | Percentage |
| Remembering and Understanding: Exhibit memory of previously learned material by recalling facts, terms, basic concepts, and answers. Demonstrate understanding of facts and ideas by organizing, comparing, translating, interpreting, giving descriptions, and stating main ideas | 44 | 55% |
| Applying: Solve problems to new situations by applying acquired knowledge, facts, techniques and rules in a different way | 18 | 22.5% |
| Analysing, Evaluating and Creating: Examine and break information into parts by identifying motives or causes. Make inferences and find evidence to support generalizations. Present and defend opinions by making judgments about information, validity of ideas, or quality of work based on a set of criteria. Compile information together in a different way by combining elements in a new pattern or proposing alternative solutions. | 18 | 22.5% |
| Total | 80 | 100% |
Also Check: CBSE Class 12 Economics Previous Year Question Paper PDF Download
